I don't know that there's an all-inclusive list, especially as the FDA approves many materials depending specifically on how they are used. I assume you're referring to implantable materials, so the above link may be a good place to start. There's an applicable standard for almost every implant material.
Take a look at the CarTech site and some of the BioMed/BioMaterial web sites. Remember the FDA does not approve a material per say but approve the process or device etc based on the information they are given in how it will be used. If you have a specific question or area of use I would be glad to give you more specific info.