These are arbitrary designations used by industry. Typically, low alloy are less than 5% alloy additions by mass to carbon steel. Intermediate would be 12% and high alloy would be well above this amount.
Examples of low alloy include Grade 11, 22, 4130, 4340
Intermediate would include 9 to 12 Cr steel
High alloy would be austenitic stainless steel, nickel-base alloys, chromium-nickel-molybdenum alloys.