Alistair, disagree but admittedly had many frustrating moments as a young soldier where I'd have agreed that the culture was unchanging. Realistically, every culture changes over time despite the impact of tradition, religion, tribalism, remote isolation, and other factors. 20 years ago I remember being surprised that cell/sat phones and laptops had been adopted more quickly than stateside, but when you consider the lack of cheap landlines and reliable grid access the cellular and battery-powered devices make sense. IME the local tribalism in Afghanistan is simply their local form of govt, in some areas its very democratic and downright dictatorial elsewhere. Its also not unlike the nepotism and other nonsense common in Smalltown USA govts where generations of fathers&sons have been mayor, police chief, etc. I dont blame any single level of any govt for any country's issues, there's rot at every level in every govt.
Personally, I have no issue extending charity to friendly third-world countries who are genuinely trying to improve themselves. OTOH, I have big issues with offering aide to unfriendly countries and 1st-2nd world countries who can fend for themselves. I'll also be the first to say that the US needs to refocus much of its foreign aide inward and focus on resolving our own infrastructure and economic issues.