Part of determining the correct choice of final elements, the IEC 61508/61511 required that realiability calculations be done. These calculations require the 'Probability of Failure on Demand' whihc is a function of the certified failure rate and the proof test interval.
Hence the frequency of the proof test is already determined by the choice of SIS system and the final elements.
The lifetime cycle can also be determined using similar approaches but is dependant of the proof test coverage factor.
I think that the IEC standard contain some good reading of the subject Safety Life Cycle. It incorporates a kind of QA based approach to the matter.
You could also read the DIN/DVGW G-495 standard whihc contains a section operation/maintenance including issue realting to maintenance and testing frequencies.