In simple terms, for low cycle fatigue you are dealing with fatigue crack propagation because the majority of the component's fatigue life is consumed under fatigue crack propagation from existing or inherent defects in the material.
High cycle fatigue deals primiarly with fatigue crack initiation, and fatigue crack propagation is a much smaller percentage of the component's fatigue life. Micro-crack initiation and subsequent crack propagation would be more applicable to high cycle fatigue studies.