Hoya,
Lining, Cladding and Weld Overlay are methods of putting a corrosion resistant material between your process fluid and the less resistant base material of your pressure containment. Instead of a stainless steel pipe capable of containing the design pressure and have a proper corrosion resistance for the process fluid, you can use a similarly strong carbon steel pipie and use a stainless steel insert for corrosion protection of the carbon steel pipe. That lining the carbon steel pipe with corrosion resistent lining material.
For larger pipe or equipment, you can buy the carbon steel plate already having one side bonded to a thin layer of corrosion resistant material. The process of bonding corrosion resistant material to the carbon steel plate is called cladding. Read on the internet the various type of cladding (explosive bonding, friction bonding, you may even nuke it...)
However, the corrosion resistent material can be deposited on the less corrosion resistant material via welding process, in that case the process is called weld overlay.
Read again on the internet how to make the lining, cladding and weld overlay, when is applicable each process, then come back with questions.
Cheers,
gr2vessels