I suspect you could go farther back than that... much farther back.
I have no knowledge on the subject of trains, but if we take this as a "pressurized working fluid acting on a chamber to do mechanical work, under the control of another chamber whose position dictates the position of the former cylinder" ...such an arrangement may have been possible on steam locomotives. A quick check of wikipedia tells me that this was not done on steam trains, at least as far as brakes, which used chains, vacuum, or air pressure instead. Still, it is possible for steam to be the working fluid in a two-cylinder arrangement and hence a master-slave cylinder system was possible, for whatever reason.
STF