Well, for sediment, the rivers historical course, changes in flow rate, etc, will effect how the soils were deposited. This will certainly change the grain size distribution. Also, the parent material that was eroded may change the mineral content. Being in the flood plane, there is likely more stratification than you can determine from relatively small samples and mixed up cuttings.
This may account for a lot of the variation, and lack of a distinct pattern.
I have seen this on a much smaller scale on a landfill project. I had the benefit of watching the excavation though, and we had a rather defined channel from a dried creek. Nice fat clay soil liner material in the old bed, and nasty sandy, non-plastic silts on the sides. If only the contractor would have used a trackhoe vs. scrapers, we would have had enough material.
Anyway, this is the same concept on a lot smaller scale. You are dealing with a much longer sedimentation period, and wider area with flood plane, etc.