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closing distribution loops 2

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seanm

Civil/Environmental
Joined
May 8, 2001
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1
Location
CA
Wondering if someone has info on advantages to having closed loops in drinking water distribution networks over dead ends with or without blowoffs.
 
A few advantages:
1. Able to get a greater fire flow to any one point (hydrant) since water can flow from more than 1 direction, thus reduced head loss in the system.
2. If a section of line is shut down due to a break or other reason, likely that fewer customers will be out of service.
3. Less (or no)flow at the end of a dead end line causes stagnant water, which could cause it to pick up contaminants from the pipe or lining. Or in cold regions more susceptible to freezing.
 
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