XRD analysis can be performed by many chem analysis labs. It is useful because instead of merely determining the chemical composition, it determines the crystalline form of the corrosion product. It can differentiate among various types of oxides, carbonates, and sulfides, for example, rather than just reporting the amounts of iron, sulfur, oxygen, etc. that might be present. Various references and technical papers have discussed how various corrosion products can be indicators of specific corrodents or environmental conditions responsible for the corrosion. Note that sometimes the corrosion products are insufficiently crystalline to be analyzed by XRD.