- Visual check, ohmeter before power as said before, always check for open vias under parts before mounting ICs.
When possible, I solder power supply parts first, then plug power and check for right VCC levels before mounting the rest of the BOM.
Clocks, SPI and digital buses often lead to more 'esotheric' failures that are best solved with firmware self-tests, even after the PCB passed all 'copper tests'.