It depends on the code you use. I think (almost) all codes address the issue that the 'adequacy of attachment' (or something in that phrasing) should be checked, however some codes are silent in how.
B31.3 for example doesn't tell you how to. For section III there are methods prescribed.
Some known methods are WRC, Kellogg, code case N-318-5, N-392-3, EN standards (13445/14380) have a pretty good method too (but its derived from the previous ones), PD 5500.
Im sure there are more, and the list I made is not complete. Hopefully others can comments as well, since Ive found this an interesting topic of which I believe I can still learn a lot.