It all depends on your application. One approach is to use some design margin of 3.5:1 based on the reported tensile yield strength (0.2% offset) of this material, or you could use a higher margin of 4:1 to assure no local yielding of the 316 SS in service, etc.
OKay, I guess I need information a step back from that, I am not even sure how to figure out the grades that are typically available and those material properties. I did a web search, but could not easily find what I am looking for. I am on my own in the office today as far as the structural department, my 2 bosses are out on vacation.
Ask.
Often items like these are not covered by specific codes or standards. You must have reasonable and prudent engineering justification for the values that you use.
The amount of detail concerning loads and the risks to persons and property often direct selection of safety factors.
If you know the loads with certianty and there is little risk then a 2 or 2.5 factor (based on minimum specified strengths) may be fine.
Less certianty and greater risk, values of at least 4x become more realistic.
History and past practice are often your best guides.
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Rust never sleeps
Neither should your protection
The allowable stress depends upon the location of the stress. The allowables are covered in appropriate design codes. Typically they are 2/3 yield for primary stresses, twice yield for a secondary stress range.
