If it didn't have a historical record of working well, that bigger derate would be documented in B31.3. There is an unbelieveable ammount of operating history that has provided input into the necessary design requirements for all ASME Codes.
Unlike the d@mnable government regulations, ASME revisits all their rulings and adjusts them based on operating history of thousands of plants. Look at the drop in Safety Margin that ASME took in 1999 -- went from 4X to 3.5X, based on excellent operating history of European vessels and boilers built to 3.5X!! That was a *massive* change! And it was fully justified, massively discussed & debated, and done in an informed and deliberate manner. Everything in ASME can be fully trusted. Only get nervous when using unlisted materials or configurations.