Per the attached link
"History of Tank’s Seismic Design
Analytical studies were undertaken in the late 1940s through the early 1960s by Jacobsen at Stanford and Housner at Cal-Tech. Lydik Jacobsen, under a grant from the U. S. Navy, analyzed the dynamic forces exerted by a fluid on the inside of a cylindrical tank and on the outside of a cylindrical pier. The two cases are similar from a theoretical standpoint. This analysis was then used both for the design of tanks and for submerged piers or caissons in a marine environment.
By analyzing what he called impulsive hydrodynamic forces of fluids, he derived graphs from which values for the "effective" mass of the fluid could be obtained for various height-to-diameter ratios. This "effective" mass then had an appropriate seismic force factor applied to it to obtain the seismic shear. The method was still in use by many engineers well into the 1980s. It is interesting to compare his findings with current practice.
After the 1964 Alaska earthquake, a major study was made of tank failures which resulted in the basic methodology, as described above, for the linear static procedure still in use. In the late 60s, analytical studies began to appear in the literature by Veletsos and others who attempted to provide a theoretical framework to account for actual vessel behavior during earthquakes. This has continued to the present date with more sophisticated studies that attempt to predict behavior with varying combinations of shell thickness, foundation and soil interaction characteristics. However, a general procedure has not yet appeared."
Garth Dreger PE - AZ Phoenix area
As EOR's we should take the responsibility to design our structures to support the components we allow in our design per that industry standards.
