2) the last time that the design margin against the minimum-specified engineering ultimate stress was 4.0 was prior to the 1999 Edition. You may want to look at that.
3) why would you want to use the current Edition with old allowable stresses?
What I have done is create a custom material using the pre-1999A design margins. The only time we run into this is when we are requested to make a modification to a vessel that was pre-1999 and the Owner or more often the AI has requested/required current rules for a new component (example a new nozzle) but wants the design margin for the component the same as w/ the original code of construction.
We have a regulatory body that mandates vessels with a 4:1 safety factor. (I think ASME changed, and they never got around to it, I don't think there's any deep thought that went into this requirement.) But the software we use also has an option for that.
DOT CFR 49 specifies ASME VIII div 1 as code of design and construction and to use a design margin of 4 on ultimate strenght. However in my opinion it is very outdated, ASME XII uses the same allowables as VIII. Don`t know the current practice though if DOT is accepting ASME XII designs or is still enforcing the use of old allowables and section VIII.