Is this a SOG? If this is the case, I would not worry too much, as the top of the beam is subjected to compression and closed tight.

@r13 yes it is Slab on Grade (SOG), Can you elaborate why?

For your information, these columns are heavily loaded, to reduce the punching shear in the raft integral beams are provided and if construction joint is provide between the columns at the expansion joint, so won't it be critical?

1) You can eliminate dead weight of the raft, it won't produce internal stresses, as it is rested on and balanced by subgrade.
2) You are quite conservative on shear friction calculation, by consider the bottom steel only.
3) We don't rely on the shear strength produced by compression on concrete above the neutral axis, but it does exist, though subject to scrutiny.

@r13 as if you review the research paper of ACI Journal by Mattock and Birkland, The Shear Friction capacity is produced because of the rough surface which causes tension in the steel after separation between the faces caused by the shear at the crack. However in ACI 318 it is not clearly mentioned to use the compression steel as well in shear friction. Moreover shear is applied on the steel won't it produce additional stress in the tension steel as it has already reached to its yield capacity due to flexure.

REFERENCES:
Shear Transfer in Reinforced Concrete-Recent Research Alan H. Mattock and Hawkins 1972
Connections in Precast Concrete Construction by Philip W. Birkeland and H. W. Birkeland 1966
Wazir_Malang

I think my previous responses are shady, as there is no theory, nor code provisions to back up those comments. I don't want to mislead you, but to offer my thoughts on this matter for you to judge. Sketch below demonstrates that. Figures 1 and 2 are self-explanatory, note that the reinforcement will be mobilized once the concrete blocks start to slip. Figure 4 is a baffle block on slab with dowels for shear friction, which is quite common on hydraulic structures. You really have to give a hard look on figure 3, ask how the slip is going to occur, what components can be utilized to resist the shear force, and to what extend. Unfortunately, there is no clear cut answer to each of those question. I won't spend any time to think about how to justify a construction mistake, if there are simple solutions available. I wish you luck.

Quote (Wazir_Malang
A contractor has provided construction joint at the location in Raft construction where the shear and moment is maximum at that location. So, any one does have any solution how can it be verified, if this construction joint is feasible or it needs rehabilitation?.......)

The CJ location provided by the contactor is not reasonable.. The expected location of CJ is at a distance L /4 ( L is the span)... However, your approach is also not reasonable..

Apparently the shear V= 413 kips at just under the column axis 6. The CJ provided between two columns and the shear which will be experienced by CJ should be less than 413 and would be around zero if the column loads are similar.
Moreover, say your figure is correct, what is the reason for checking shear friction for 1 ft width ? if d=54 in. you may check for a width 3d.

The one way shear is checked at a distance (d) from the column face and for two way shear at a distance d/2.

Does this respond answer to your question? If not, you may perform the mat analysis with more refined mesh and check the shear friction for a width say 3d .

Quote (HTURKAK)

the shear which will be experienced by CJ should be less than 413 and would be around zero if the column loads are similar

Share the same thought here. For example,

Dear, @HTURKAK As I am not sure about how much width of strip should be considered for acting as a unit, so conservatively 3ft strip width is considered to act as a unit, if you have a proper reference for it's consideration, I would be glade to know.

@HTURKAK There is no concept of one way or two shear here, as in that case we have a monolithic RC section and our most possible failure in one way or two way @45deg, depends on distribution of loads.
But Here it is a predefined crack at which shearing off the two opposite concrete faces is very much possible to occur at that location.

Dear, r13 and @HTURKAK The way you visualized the load distribution is quite good but more like for a rigid system and i don't think it clearly represent my problem, However the problem is that it is SOG(Slab on Grade) as in the figure below, the shear caused by these vertical loads will definitely make it zero but not in between the columns while it will be much away from the columns, as actual distribution of shear force is shown in the below figure and from the CSI SAFE Results

Quote (Wazir_Malang
Dear, @HTURKAK As I am not sure about how much width of strip should be considered for acting as a unit, so conservatively 3ft strip width is considered to act as a unit, if you have a proper reference for it's consideration, I would be glade to know.)

The sectional strength of RC members are calculated as per ACI 318 22.5 ,( for 318-14, section 22.). You may use the analogy of flat slab. Remember the width for beam and column strips. In this case you may assume the width conservatively 0.25L.

Quote (@HTURKAK There is no concept of one way or two shear here, as in that case we have a monolithic RC section and our most possible failure in one way or two way @45deg, depends on distribution of loads.)

I disagree with you ..you are expected to check one way and two way ( punching shear ). What is the difference of axes A-5,6 ? while at the other axis (5,6,7..) the shear is around zero?.. Check the input data specially column loads ..

Good luck..

I don't know what you can obtain from your program, and how does it checks internal stresses. I suggest to exclude the slab dead load in load combination, and get the axial force and moment on the joint. Then perform a hand calculation to find the compression force on the top face. You shall be permitted to utilize the shear friction, µF, in addition to shear friction capacity provided by the reinforcement. If the resulting capacity is close to within 10% of the demand, I would accept it.

@r13 There is no change in the shear force demand after the dead weight of the slab is assigned zero. By Considering the capacity of the compression force in concrete as additional force to the bottom steel causing friction as
Vn = µF + µAs(bot)fy

can fulfil the demand shear Vu.
But the confusion is that the bottom steel is already at yielding due to moment so can it take additional stresses due to the shear? if no then we are only left with the µF as causing the shear friction.

While, I am thinking why do we need to provide integral beams below columns, if the shear friction capacity is enough to resist the axial loads on columns?

1) On the dead load, no change is the expected result, but a double check since sometimes the program, or person, would make mistakes.
2) The use of shear friction is to be avoid for its uncertain natures. You will not find any literature that discuss shear friction for flexural members, but I explained before, on why we are looking into it.
3) The question on utilizing the bottom steel is a good one, to which the answer would be negative.

So the verdict is the beam requires rehabilitation/strengthening. But before jumping off the train, I suggest to relief the vertical restrain of the joint, if your program allows you to do so, to see the effect of this change. Note that the increase in bearing is anticipated, and it is acceptable if kept within a factor of 1.5.

@r13 for Strengthening epoxy will be used at the construction joint? do you have any suggestion which epoxy should be used?

When a construction joint is required in a mat foundation, my preference is to locate it at centre span where shear is minimal. In addition, I specify provision of a key about 1/3 the thickness, and some big dowel bars in the middle of the key. Belt and braces approach, for sure, but a mat foundation is not to be trifled with.

Dear @hokie66, Thank you for your response. In case of construction won't it be good to provide key at L/3 (where minimum V and BM) with a key and not in the middle as there is max BM in middle?

You are suggesting to provide key of this type? is the key would be a little odd if extra dowel bars are not provided in the middle?


As the mat foundation thickness is 54" so won't the shear key shown in the figure below, more suitable, to have a more roughness and all that without a dowel bar in the middle?

I know some folks like the L/3 arrangement, but I would rather see it at midspan. Theoretically minimum shear, maximum moment. The moment is taken by the T-C couple, which is unaffected by the joint.

The sawtooth key can work, but is a lot of extra labor. I would just use a single key 18" deep, with some big deformed dowel bars central to the key.

Others will have different ideas, but that is the way I have detailed construction joints in mat foundations for many years.

@hokie66 noted with thanks.

One other thing. There was some mention of epoxy being used in the joint, presumably as a bonding agent. I wouldn't try to do that, as those materials are very time sensitive, and are more likely to act as a debonder.

Wazir,

Wasn't this mat has already done, with the second lift placed against an unprepared surface? Or it is still on the drawing board waiting to be constructed? I'm a little confused here. But as Hokie pointed out, the epoxy wouldn't do any good at this situation.

I'm an L/3 type of guy... but Hokie's 'bang on'... for keyways, I usually bevel the edges of keys... makes it easier to remove them after the concrete has hardened.

Rather than think climate change and the corona virus as science, think of it as the wrath of God. Feel any better?

-Dik

@r13 The second pour will be cast in a few days. hookie66, Do you know how the epoxy should be used then for proper joint between hardened concrete and fresh concrete to make?

@dik Do you use extra dowel bars as well or just key is enough? any code reference for key dimension?

In my opinion, epoxy in the joint serves no purpose. I think it may be just a sales effort to sell you some epoxy. What possible benefit can it achieve?

Are we referring to bonding agents? Are we planning to mechanically scarify?

Drill and grout dowels to take shear. And, you may chip out a pocket to receive a key in the second lift. I like one or two keys better than many small keys as you have shown previously. Bevel edges of the key to prevent diagonal crack. You should provide reinforcement on the second lift keys. Clean and wet the hardened surface before the second lift.

I agree with one big key, with a height about 1/3 of the thickness, and a depth of 1/6 of the width of the key. If it's going to be cut in and chipped out, or just chipped out, no need to have the edges beveled. For formed keyways, the edges definitely need to be beveled, in order to be able to remove the form.

No need for epoxy or bonding compound. At best, they'll only seal the joint, but won't make it stronger; at worst, they'll weaken it for shear.

Rod Smith, P.E., The artist formerly known as HotRod10

As to scarifying the face of the joint, it just needs to be clean.

Referring to the type of epoxy having 60-70 MPa compressive and Having more tensile strength than the concrete, while that of concrete strength is 20 MPa. So what would you think about this type of epoxy, won't it work. (Picture 01)

@r13 Can you provide additional information, how the dowels can be drilled and properly anchored? my concern is that concrete is strong and drilling is usually very difficult and while developing the steel would need deep drilling.

For concrete Surface preparation for shear friction where applicable using Guideline No.310.2R–2013-Selecting and Specifying Concrete Surface Preparation for Sealers, Coatings, Polymer Overlays, and Concrete Repair is the right procedure for achieving 1/4" amplitude surface roughness? to give µ(friction coefficient) = 1.0



Concrete surface preparation method for 1/4" amplitude surface roughness, Concrete surface profile (CSP 10) is ok?

I have given you my opinion about bonding agents. They are unnecessary and potentially can function to decrease bond.

Rather than bond, you want to rely on mechanical shear transfer. The key and dowels should suffice at the point of minimal shear. If you want additional insurance, shot blast the surface as in your figure 6.3 or 6.5, and ensure the surface is clean of dust and contaminants.

As to the dowels, cast them in rather than drilling.

Shear friction? Not a concept I support.

Wazir,

I guess your concrete is in the 3000-5000 psi range, drilling shouldn't be a problem. You can use Hilti reinforcing dowels, with epoxy to provide the required strength. The development length is usually shorter than direct embedment because the greater bond strength.

But r13, what is the point of drilling the bars in when you can install them prior to casting? It makes no sense to post-install bars mid-depth when the top and bottom bars are already cast in and the top bars are in the way of access. And as for development length, we are talking about dowel action, not tension. Even if we were, the capacity of deformed bars in tension is primarily due to mechanical action of the deformations, not bond.

Hokie66,

If I am not mistaken the situation, half of the mat has been poured without proper joint preparation by the contractor (it wasn't a designated CJ). OP is worried about the shear force demand (138 kips) across the plane, as it is weakened by the unintended joint. Also, with high moment demand, the existing steel can't be accounted for shear friction. So the option now is to add key and dowels, one or both, to make up the deficit in shear.

Sorry, I thought this was a planned joint. I wouldn't like to be the guy with a big drill trying to get in there and drill holes.

Yeah, that won't be a pleasant job. But the concrete is quite fresh, so could be easier to handle, but the woeful working position.