Velocity Distribution in CMP or CMPAs
Velocity Distribution in CMP or CMPAs
(OP)
Does anyone know of a source of information on the velocity distribution in corrugated metal pipe or pipe arch culverts ? The concern is for fish passage. In a CMP or CMPA one would expect the velocity at the walls and along the bottom to be lower than the average velocity in the pipe. It would be very useful to know how much lower for any depth flow since fish cannot swim for very long if the velocity of flow is much above 5 ft/sec according to what I've read.
RE: Velocity Distribution in CMP or CMPAs
Manning's equation is 1.49/n times the hydraulic radiusto the 2/3 and the square root of the slope. If you have RCP with an 'n' of .13 and a measured or calc. value of 9 fps and put that water into a CMP with value'n'=.25 the water will slow down to ~4.5fps. If your calculated velocity is near what the fish can swim through, then I would assume they would use the path closest to the pipe wall. If you are going to build a new 'fish ladder', I would make sure that the pipe is large enough to slow the water down to under 4 fps but over 2.5 fps.
RE: Velocity Distribution in CMP or CMPAs
Russ
RE: Velocity Distribution in CMP or CMPAs
RE: Velocity Distribution in CMP or CMPAs
But what IS that distribution ? Has it been measured or calculated by any one anywhere ? Still looking !
RE: Velocity Distribution in CMP or CMPAs
Velocity distribution will vary with pipe size, type of pipe, flow rates, water temperature etc. I'm not sure there is a single relationship that can be used. The relationship will also change significantly if the pipe is not flowing full or is not circular. However, as stated before, I believe that the velocity starts at zero at the boundary and increases very rapidly as you move away from the wall. Unless you are looking at extremely small fish, I would assume that the zone of slow moving water is not large enough.
If you wish to pursue, contact one of the research facilities around the country and maybe they can suggest a published paper which may give you an answer. Try the following:
Colorado State University Engineering Research Center
University of Iowa Institute of Hydraulic Research
St. Anthony Falls Hydraulic Laboratory
Corps of Engineers Waterways Experiment Station
Or try the ASCE journal of hydraulics.
http://www.asce.org/
products and services ==> publications ==> journals
RE: Velocity Distribution in CMP or CMPAs
Flow Velocity Profiles in Gravel-Bed Rivers
by Vito Ferro and Giorgio Baiamonte
Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, Vol. 120, No. 1, January 1994, pp. 60-80
Momentum and Energy Coefficients Based on Power-Law Velocity Profile
by Cheng-lung Chen
Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, Vol. 118, No. 11, November 1992, pp. 1571-1584
Discussion: by B. A. Christensen, Member, ASCE, (Prof., Dept. of Civ. Engrg., Univ. of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611) HY May 1994, pp. 666-669
Closure: HY May 1994, pg. 669
Denil Fishways of Varying Geometry
by C. Katopodis, N. Rajaratnam, S. Wu, and D. Tovell
Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, Vol. 123, No. 7, July 1997, pp. 624-631
RE: Velocity Distribution in CMP or CMPAs
You're leading me in the right direction. I've also queried the Corrugated Steel Pipe Manufacturere's Association but so far, no reply. Surely they know, if anyone does.
Russ Faust