×
INTELLIGENT WORK FORUMS
FOR ENGINEERING PROFESSIONALS

Contact US

Log In

Come Join Us!

Are you an
Engineering professional?
Join Eng-Tips Forums!
  • Talk With Other Members
  • Be Notified Of Responses
    To Your Posts
  • Keyword Search
  • One-Click Access To Your
    Favorite Forums
  • Automated Signatures
    On Your Posts
  • Best Of All, It's Free!

*Eng-Tips's functionality depends on members receiving e-mail. By joining you are opting in to receive e-mail.

Posting Guidelines

Promoting, selling, recruiting, coursework and thesis posting is forbidden.

Students Click Here

PIPE UNDER EXTERNAL PRESSURE
2

PIPE UNDER EXTERNAL PRESSURE

PIPE UNDER EXTERNAL PRESSURE

(OP)
Hello, I am looking for a formula (in International Units) for checking a pipe of 14" under external pressure. For internal pressure I use Barlow's formula. Is there any formula for determining the spacing between buckle arrestors?

Thank you very much in advance.

RE: PIPE UNDER EXTERNAL PRESSURE

For pipe collapse checks, look at
* BS 8010, Pt 3, Annex C
* Timoshenko and Gere, Theory of elastic stability (Book)
* Murphy and Langer, Ultimate pipe strength under bending (technical paper, maybe OTC)
* DNV 1996 and DNV 2000
These are not in any particular order other than as I found them within my reference papers.

For spacing of buckle arrestors, it is a matter of cost and risk optimisation. If the spacing is too short, you pay up front for a lot more buckle arrestors. If the spacing is too long, then if a propagating buckle were to occur, you need to recover and replace a lot of pipe. In simplistic terms, the cost equation can be of the form :

Cost(S) = L*C1/S + K*C2*S
where
L = Pipeline length
C1 = Cost of buckle arrestor
S = Buckle arrestor spacing
K = Probability of propagating buckle
C2 = Cost of recovery and replacement of buckled section

The curve has a U-shape and the optimum point is obviously at its minimum. The optimum spacing has to be derived for each individual situation (C1, K, C2) and is not really dictated by any codes but by economic risks. In my last project, the spacing was selected at 500m.

Hope this is of some use.

RE: PIPE UNDER EXTERNAL PRESSURE

(OP)
Thank you very much Kiranpatel I will try to find the references but it will take me time.

Regarding the buckle arrestors, I suppose they are designed for the laying time and that the external pressure for 900 m is negligible compared with the stresses coming from the laying ?. Am I correct?

I suppose also that the probability of buckling depends in the laying technique S or J and  water currents. Is there any reference value for c1, k & c2 for 14 “ pipe at 900 m.?

Thank you again, in advance.

RE: PIPE UNDER EXTERNAL PRESSURE

If your pipe has no stiffening rings, you may use the formula:
p=0.73Et3/D3
p=allowable external pressure (with this formula it equals 1/3 of the elastic buckling pressure)
E=elastic modulus
t=pipe thickness
D=pipe OD (use consistent units)
If the thickness is relatively high, you should also check the following
p=1.875tS/Dk
S=allowable stress of pipe material
k=1+0.015D/t
Max.ovalisation should be limited to 1%.

prex
motori@xcalcsREMOVE.com
http://www.xcalcs.com
Online tools for structural design

RE: PIPE UNDER EXTERNAL PRESSURE

I would not under-estimate the external pressure in 900m of water depth. You may find that the governing criteria for the wall thickness is indeed the pipeline collapse. For the buckle arrestors, you will need even thicker pipe depending on the length of the buckle arrestor and the main line wall thickness.

If you have trouble finding the references, let me know your fax number or email address and I can send over some pages.

With regard to the costs and risks, I cannot give you specific numbers but point out the following :
The cost of the buckle arrestor (C1) will depend strongly on its design, such as wall thickness, method of manufacture, operating condition (e.g. sour service ?), etc. The only way to get this is to go for quotes from suppliers.
The cost of repair (C2) is directly related to the construction vessels involved. As the number of players able to lay this line will be limited, the costs can become distorted depending on market conditions, vessel availability, etc. You should have some estimate of this from your overall project cost database.
K is purely a guess factor, there are no historical data that you can base your values on. However, unless the pipeline is extremely long, I would suggest that you allow for the possibility of one buckle. Less than that, you are exposed to some risks. More than that, you could end up with a lot of spare pipe left over at the end requiring an embaressing explanation to the bean counters.

Regards

RE: PIPE UNDER EXTERNAL PRESSURE

(OP)
Thank you Kiranpatel and prex. I have checked the wall thickness based in the formula for buckling of high thickness pipes and because the high internal pressure selected for the pipe (roughly 250 bar & the deeper water is 700 m)the external pressure drives to similar thickness.

For my feasibility study it is enough. I have asked for references it will give culture for next occasions.

Thanks again.

Red Flag This Post

Please let us know here why this post is inappropriate. Reasons such as off-topic, duplicates, flames, illegal, vulgar, or students posting their homework.

Red Flag Submitted

Thank you for helping keep Eng-Tips Forums free from inappropriate posts.
The Eng-Tips staff will check this out and take appropriate action.

Reply To This Thread

Posting in the Eng-Tips forums is a member-only feature.

Click Here to join Eng-Tips and talk with other members! Already a Member? Login


Resources

Low-Volume Rapid Injection Molding With 3D Printed Molds
Learn methods and guidelines for using stereolithography (SLA) 3D printed molds in the injection molding process to lower costs and lead time. Discover how this hybrid manufacturing process enables on-demand mold fabrication to quickly produce small batches of thermoplastic parts. Download Now
Design for Additive Manufacturing (DfAM)
Examine how the principles of DfAM upend many of the long-standing rules around manufacturability - allowing engineers and designers to place a part’s function at the center of their design considerations. Download Now
Taking Control of Engineering Documents
This ebook covers tips for creating and managing workflows, security best practices and protection of intellectual property, Cloud vs. on-premise software solutions, CAD file management, compliance, and more. Download Now

Close Box

Join Eng-Tips® Today!

Join your peers on the Internet's largest technical engineering professional community.
It's easy to join and it's free.

Here's Why Members Love Eng-Tips Forums:

Register now while it's still free!

Already a member? Close this window and log in.

Join Us             Close