I expect the Engineer, i.e., the Owner’s representative, to require any attachment welded to the structural frame to meet the applicable code whenever the state or municipality adopted a building code that incorporates D1.1 directly or by referencing another design code that includes a reference to AWS D1.1 or other welding code.
One must consider the affects of the welding operation of the structural member, not only the attachment itself. Welding, if not done properly, can affect the mechanical properties of the structural member. Welding can also introduce unacceptable defects that could affect the structural integrity of the structural member.
The WPS is not a magically or mystical document. It is simply written instruction to the welder informing him what process, what base metals, what filler metal, etc. is to be used.
I can think of a host of things that can go horribly wrong when proper consideration is not given to a weld or when the welder is not provided with proper information. One problem I encounter is that some contractors and engineers do not understand the purpose of the WPS and hate to spend the time and money doing the necessary research to properly document the welding requirements.
The bottom line is that I expect all welding that involves a structural member to be covered by an appropriate WPS. Until the Engineer waives the need for the WPS, I expect to see one on the job-site and I expect the welder to implement it.
Best regards - Al