It becomes a matter of sales, price, and practicality - not an rigid, Code-Enforced "engineering" specification (Thou Shalt Use Granite Weighing No Less Than 45 lbs/ft's at No Less Than 2.121 Inches Thick Averaged over every 4.8 Sq Ft Extending No More Than 1.758 inches from the Unsupported Edge of the Counter ....)
Rather, "How much can I (the archetect) can upsell the future kitchen owner to make the future kitchen owner think he/she/it/they are getting the kitchen of their dreams?"
Any countertop (stone) weight needs to be estimated at the heaviest rock potentially sold, and the supported weight should allow for the near-certainty of some future homeowner/kitchen user standing on the edge of the countertop while climbing up to get something from the top shelf. So, that bending moment (of maximum reasonable load x maximum un-supported edge distance) must be less than than your chosen building material.
Then check yourself. Go to the nearest box store and decorating center than displays kitchens. And measure what has been sold successfully to real customers.