Vertical Uplift Gradient and Phreatic Surface

[nbr1]

Typically, average vertical 'uplift' gradients are limited to about 0.5 near the landside toe of an embankment levee or dam; and where the
phreatic surface exits to the ground surface. What is the protocol for determining exit gradient if phreatic surface is buried; such that
it can be compared to limiting value of 0.5??

 

[GeoPaveTraffic]

If the phreatic surface is below the ground surface, then there is no uplift gradient.

Mike Lambert