It could be, as you suggest, be a pure check valve, perhaps with a disc hinged in the middle. The top suggest however that a pring is involved.
It could then also be a disc or diaphragm valve where the disc is pressed up by the increased fluid pressure and down by spring force.
As the valve seems to have no external controlls (no handels, (pilot line connections or screws for force adjustment), all regulatig forces would have to be by inner construction. It could be that the disc movement is influenced by inner pilot openings through the disc to regulate the pressure balance on the two sides.