I worked on a project that required two large precast elements to be prestressed together within a very short time window (rail project with short track possession). The stitch pour between the two elements was 200 mm (8") wide, and about 2 m x 2 m (6' x 6') in area.
Originally, this was proposed to be a conventional concrete stitch pour, but in the end, the contractor wanted to cast the stitch pour and apply the prestress in ~4 hours. Minimum strength at stressing was required to be 25 MPa (3600 psi). No readily supplied concrete mix was able to do this, so in the end the option was to go with a fast-setting grout with coarse aggregates (up to 10 mm / 3/8") added to it (25 MPa (3600 psi) strength in 4 hours, about 100 MPa (14,500 psi) at 28 days). An awful lot of planning and testing was put into the mix design to satisfy everyone that the strength would be achieved, and that there would be no issues with flash setting, shrinkage, excessive heat of hydration, etc. etc. The grout-aggregate mix was delivered from the supplier's batch plant in a concrete mixer.
So, I believe it can be done, but the grout-aggregate mix shouldn't be substituted for concrete without a lot of consideration.