Chemical stability is a key property of designing refrigerants.
Hermetically seal refrigeration equipment will happily run on the original charge until something electrical or mechanical breaks. Refrigerant life is not the limiting factor.
I would have though forever as well. The cylinder is full of refrigerant, so there is nothing to contaminate it, and you could not get a better storage system
Well, let's turn that around; what do you need? A solidly sealed gas canister should certainly last many years. The only thing that might degrade the coolant itself would be physical decomposition, but that would only occur if the temperature well beyond anything that might be experienced in storage. Military specifications typically use 70°C as a maximum storage temperature, which is well below the point at which something like R-22 might decompose.
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