This one has had me scratching my head for a couple of days. I just can't imagine someone who makes his living off of measuring things doing this for no reason. So I decided that this needs a theory that fits the situation.
My thinking is that zeroing a micrometer would be the obvious answer for absolutely every time one could zero a micrometer. But is there a situation when you cannot zero it? Is there a type of micrometer that cannot be zeroed? Also, are we sure that the penny was used in the thickness dimension?
Obviously, you can zero a 0-1" micrometer (yes, we're using imperial measurements, since they're vastly superior to all others). But you cannot do that with a 1"-2" micrometer, or 3"-4", etc. But a penny is only about .75" diameter, so it wouldn't span the anvils, even on the smallest non-zeroing micrometer, so I'm assuming that these are not plain micrometers with flat-faced anvils.
However... What about a tri-flute micrometer? This does not zero.
What about a set of calipers, when using the tips of the ID measuring jaws? One can measure the ID of rim that goes around the outside of a penny and verify that the tips that are touching the work are calibrated if they have worn down somewhat. Average calipers are often less precise than the garden-variety micrometers, so a penny *might* be suitable down to 0.001", as opposed to 0.0001".
What about an ID micrometer? A few that I saw googling around looked like when they zero, the pins are not touching. Could the known OD of a penny be used to verify the inside distance between the pins of an ID micrometer?
@SCHUE: Can you post a photo of the micrometers in question? Admittedly, if they're just plain micrometers, then I can't figure out what the penny is for.
Engineering is not the science behind building. It is the science behind not building.