BPVN,
If vessel has not been in service, and is still new, and the Certificate holder has not sent the data report to the National Board, it is not unusual to bring it back and make a change, then have the AI sign the new data report with the changes and throw the other one out. I am talking about a modification, forgotten fitting or nozzle, etc. If you are actually talking repair (was vessel damaged?) then the NBIC is required, if the Jurisdiction has a pressure vessel law.
Technically, once the data report is signed, the vessel is no longer under ASME, a new construction only Code, but most AIAs will go along with changing a new vessel, make the changes on the data report, re-hydro of course, and avoid the repair nameplate and R-1 form. Once it is actually in service, all bets are off, and it is NBIC or non-code, depending on where it is at. Keep in mind that even in states without a pressure vessel law, like Texas, insurance companies may require the NBIC and an AI be used on all Code vessel repairs, with the proper paperwork, and if you violate that, you may not be able to insure and operate the vessel.