RS-232 was originally defined for teletypes, and has some features that should have remained unique to them. It was adapted for use with computers, and evolved. RS-485 uses balanced lines and works better in noisy environments. Both have been documented to death, but you will get a lot of superfluous hits thanks to their ubiquity. Try "___ definition" with the quotes in any search engine.
Your reference to "modern relays" left me confused, because it could refer to several sorts of devices.
Please elucidate your quest.
Mike Halloran
Pembroke Pines, FL, USA