Diamond, Gold, Silver, Copper, Aluminum, and then it drops off drastically.
I know of nothing cheap that has any reasonable TC.
Unless you are willing to use pure iron or pure zinc I don't know where you will turn.
IR, I left them out of my list because I also know the cost of high density engineering ceramics.
Compare the TC of reaction bonded SiC to direct sintered, huge difference.
Sure, but the OP specifically stated "up to half the thermal conductivity of copper," which is the ONLY specification they've even bothered to bother us with.
TTFN (ta ta for now)
I can do absolutely anything. I'm an expert!