Sacrificial anodes are all over your car already. Galvaneel (like NickE mentioned) is a zinc layer that is on any good car body (I won't mention the names of the companies that don't use it!)
For the sacrficial anode to work, you need ELECTRICAL connection between your anode and the part you're protecting. (Don't mount it to underbody PVC!)
Also, be mindful of whatever you use to strap it on. If it's metal, it will also corrode! Some plastics don't hold up well to temperature changes.
The most common sacrificial anode used in the automotive industry is zinc (hot dipped, zinc plating, galvaneel, etc.
Be careful not to create any crevice corrosion cells.
In the end, I think you might have a fun project, but I think you'll be disappointed if you do a Cost/Benefit analysis.