Re:the subject of your thread "Permanent expansion due to welding". There will be no permanent expansion but depending on the methods and the skill of the welder, there could be distorsion. Coefficients of expansion vary in different materials and knowing the coefficient for your specific material and the heat generated by the welding process, the expansion can be calculated as that number per 1 degree rise in temperature. Or can be expressed as a ratio:
The ratio of (a) the change in length in a body per unit of temperature change to (b) its length at a reference temperature.