You don't say why the corrosion happened - can you share the results of your root-cause-analysis? Do you have a reliable corrosion rate?
It's not all that uncommon for high sulfur products to corrode the underside of carbon steel cone roof plate. From what I've seen, the structure is often OK, but certainly bears inspection from underneath with a high-reach. Then, if it is OK, remove and replace the cone roof plate.
This is not all that hard or particularly dangerous if the structure underneath is OK and the contractor has a good work plan. I'm not sure patching is profitable since it may just postpone the inevitable (failure that will occur just when you don't want it to) and leaves you with a bad roof with patches.
Always patch from the topside.
Depending on the root cause, you might consider looking at a high-quality floating roof to reduce emissions and extra shell and roof circulation vents to help remove the vapors.
Also, you might consider replacing with thicker roof plate, or plate that is factory coated with a weldable or zinc-rich primer.
Let us know what happens!!!