There is no limit in the standard, however the laws of physics, as you might expect, do in fact still apply..
The amount of water that actually reaches the seat of the fire from a tall height depends on numerous factors like the size of the falling water droplet, and the characteristics of the fire's rising smoke and entrained air plume.
Also, the plume from a small fire in a tall space may not even reach the sprinklers to activate them. The plume cools as it rises, because it entrains cool ambient air on the way up, and reaches an maximum height where it is neutrally bouyant and spreads out horizontally.
All those factors mean that there is no "rule of thumb" for a maximum height, however a qualified fire protection PE could certainly assist you if there is a concern.
Real world knowledge doesn't fall out of the sky on a parachute, but rather is gained in small increments during moments of panic or curiosity.