bdf stands for bulk data file, it's just an extension... As far as nastran is concerned, the extension doesn't matter as long as the input file is in the proper nastran bulk data format...
Basically, the syntax to manually submitt a job with nastran is: nastran <filename> <option1> <option2>, ... (e.g. nastran myfile.dat memory=1.5gb parallel=2).
If you want to "hardcode" the SMP solve (i.e. number of processors used for solving), you can always add a SYSTEM call to your bulk data deck... Essentially, you can place a NASTRAN SYSTEM(107)=2 at the begining of your bulk data deck to perform an SMP solve with 2 CPU. SYSTEM(107) gives you actually more flexibility as you can specify which matrix operations will be done using parallel routines by choosing a number greater than 1023 (take a look at the QRG for more info). If SYSTEM(107) is set to the number of CPUs, then everything will be solved used the parallel routines...