Any good books on materials or strength of materials shoul have the information. There are quite a few articles published on various aspects of the different impact tests.
You should do a search on Charpy V or U or just impact test.
ASME IX has the requirements for qualifications of welding procedures that include tensile testing. ASME IX uses a 3/4" wide reduced specimen. I don't know how it compares to ASTM.
The Charpy testing standard is ASTM A370. The standard, full-sized specimen is 10mm x 10mm x 55mm. Three specimens are tested at the Min Design Metal Temp. The average of the three must meet the impact criteria. See ASME VIII, UCS-66 and UG-84. There are other rules too.
If you are trying to test in order to say that you meet the ASTM standard, then buy the specifications and use the offical drawings. You must have the spec anyway otherwise you may miss some details.
No, the ASTM specs (esp old ones) are not great. But the only way to say that you meet one is have a copy in front of you.
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Corrosion never sleeps, but it can be managed.
