GM has a 6L80 six speed automatic transmission.
As far as a modified version goes, there maybe some performance transmission shops that have some mods for them. Usually it takes awhile for the aftermarket manufactures to come up with performance parts. Anyone modifying them would need the machines to fabricate any special parts required. Hope fully alot of parts from something like the 4L80 would interchange. Items that are usually needed to beef up an automatic are input and output shafts, reaction shell, planetary gear sets, bands and clutch packs /pistons, pump, sprags and roller clutches, then of course valve body modifications. Not known for sure, but maybe things like the clutches, and some gear sets maybe interchangable between the two.
Sounds like a fun project. I think an allison would be too heavy if this a race car application.