According to AASHTO's 17th Edition of Standard Specifications for Highway Bridges, Article 4.5.15.1.1, Pile Spacing, "Pile footings shall be proportioned such that the minimum center-to-center pile spacing shall exceed the greater of 2 feet 6 inches or 2.5 pile diameters/widths. The distance from the side of any pile to the nearest edge of the pile footing shall not be less than 9 inches."