The spectrum that includes "IR" photographic film is in the range of 800 nm to 1500 nm. Many plastics and polycarbonates are transparent in this region, including most sunglasses and the color filters on CMOS cameras. That's why camcorders can "see" in low-light conditions, but without color. The range from about 800 nm to about 1000 nm is regarded as "near" infrared (NIR), although "short" wavelength infrared (SWIR) overlaps, 900 nm to 2500 nm.
Thermal cameras are either 3um to 5um, medium wavelength IR (MWIR), or 7um to 14um, long wavelength IR (LWIR), at least, those that are used in most heat imaging applications.
There are also cameras that can image out to 50um.
The last 3 categories of infrared cameras usually require cryocooling, although there are LWIR camers that are uncooled and can operate at room temperature. The cameras that image beyond LWIR generally require liquid helium cooling.
Past that, we start running into RF systems, millimeter-wave (MMW) and terahertz (THz). Some of the body scanners in airports are either MMW or THz.
MMW tends to do better in penetrating walls.
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