A bit ‘mo’ Monel®.
“Monel (also called Monell) is a patented Nickel/Copper alloy (66/29) plus significant additions of Cobalt, Manganese, Iron, Silicon, Carbon and Aluminum. It is named after the Canadian metallurgist Ambrose Monell who developed it. (Mr. Monell died in 1921.)” [Mr. Monell may have developed it as President of INCO, but wasn’t the inventor; see below]
”Monel® metal, Monell® metal
any of various silvery corrosion-resistant alloys containing copper (28 per cent), nickel (67 per cent), and smaller quantities of such metals as iron, manganese, and aluminium
[ETYMOLOGY: 20th Century: named after A. Monell (died 1921), president of the International Nickel Co., New York, which introduced the alloys]”
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Source: The Collins English Dictionary © 2000 HarperCollins Publishers
Monel was originally a “natural alloy” produced by direct reduction of sulfide matte smelted from Sudbury, Ontario ore. A relatively recent sulfide matte composition from an Ontario INCO plant is 26.0% Cu, 50.0 Ni, 0.8 Co, 0.4 Fe and 21.7% S.
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Copper and Nickel Converters, R. E. Johnson, ed., p. 169, AIME (1979).
Monell Metal was ‘invented’ in 1904 by Robert C. Stanley of the Orford Copper Company of New Jersey, an INCO subsidiary (which had amalgamated with several other cos. into INCO in 1902).
Monel® metal was trademarked in 1908 and specified in 1917 by the US Navy for sailors’ ‘dog tags.’ Monel®, INCONEL®, and several other INCO brands were acquired by Special Metals in late 1998.
Mond process
A method of obtaining pure nickel by heating the impure metal in a stream of carbon monoxide at 50-60°C. Volatile nickel carbonyl (Ni(CO)4) is formed, and this can be decomposed at higher temperatures (180°C) to give pure nickel. The method was invented by the German-British chemist Ludwig Mond (1839-1909).
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A Dictionary of Science, Oxford University Press, © Market House Books Ltd 1999
The Mond Nickel Company oxidized the smelter sulfide matt, extracted copper using sulfuric acid; thereafter the nickel oxide was reduced to nickel carbonyl which decomposed to 99.9% Ni.
--from
100 years of metallurgy, W. H. Dennis, p. 206-208 (1963).
Mond metal was an early, 4% Mn Monel produced by alloying.
The Mond Nickel Company was acquired by INCO in 1929. So, Mond Nickel is clearly not the origin of Monel (Monell).
Conclusion: engineers are extraordinarily loathe to use dictionaries. Perhaps because my 1st degree was in chemistry, I like to check my ‘facts.’ If an engineer makes a mistake, other people may eventually die, but if a chemist makes a mistake, it may blow up in his/her face!
Ken