At first I was going to ignore this. Then I realised that you are asking a very subtle question.
Your hand is a fairly soft material. A fishing rod is (comparitively) very hard. To get optimum energy coupling between the two you want to use a gradual change in 'hardness' (I'll come back to that in a minute) to minimise the energy that is reflected back from the interface.
OK, the property isn't really hardness, it is the compressive wave speed of the material, given by (Youngs modulus/density)^1/2
So, to a first approximation you need to use a material with a compressive wave speed mid way between that of your hand and the rod. I suspect cork is not a bad choice, tho it may be a bit soft.
You can also adjust the frequency response by making the grip thinner or thicker. The thicker it is the more high frequency it will filter out. Incidentally your hand is sensitive to vibrations up to at least 200 Hz, and I wouldn't mind betting that 500 Hz is more likely.
There's some things here I don't know - compressive wave speed of hands and cork being two of them.
Cheers
Greg Locock