Frost Heave Forces

[SRO]

Does anyone know how to calc. the resulting forces from the expansion of Ice? I'm a recent grad (bachlor deg.) and I find that people in "the real world" would rather just call out on the plans to replace the material under the footing or foundation with a more suitable material for drainage, or just lower the footing below frost depth. Ecconomically these might be the better options, but I still would like to know, for my own knowledge.

Thanks.

 

[dik]

There isn't a definite expansion force that I'm aware of; there's too many variables. Ice can have about 30 different states.

The force of expansion, however, can approach 2000 psi.

 

[IRstuff]

You might read the following thread:

thread404-22289

It discusses the behavior of frozen water and there were some calculations recently added TTFN