Flow assurance

[kunletee]

Hello,
Please can any one direct me to websites or books that i can read to get more knowledge on flow assurance in pipelines and wellbores and the mitigation of hydrate formation.
Thanks.

Kunletee

 

[kat6787]

I've been asking a very similar question for the past month or so to anybody at my company (and several outside sources) I thought might be able to help. Unforunately, nobody could tell me about a particular reference book or code to go to (most of them said none existed, though I'm not sure I completely agree that one doesn't exist, I have yet to find it). As far as hydrate mitigation, I've found a lot of information by doing a web search. I found that I had to do more than one keywaord search to get as many hits as I could (i.e. Methanol Injection, Hydrates, Hydrate Mitigation, etc.) It takes some time to sift through the results, but I've found a number of OTC papers and research papers about mitigation strategies.

Hopefully somebody here knows of a good book or two. I'd sure be happy to final have an answer to my question as well.

Cheers,
Kat

 

[dcasto]

There is no standard because hydrates are a physical issue that is dealt with by controlling the conditions that create hydrates. Hydrate formation is an absolute condition, you have no flexibility, nojudgement, no regulation and no non-controllable issues that a standard would solve. If you want to stop hydrates, remove the water, thats all there is to it.
If you cannot remove the water, adjust the temperature, pressure, or composition to stop hydrates.
If you can not do that, then inject an alcohol/glycol to a concentration set out in the Hammerschmidt equation.