I have personal experience with only one plant where the entire process is located outdoors. It is located at a power generating plant on the coast of North Carolina where seasonal temperatures range from -6.6 C to 43.3 C, and there have been at least two hurricanes pass over the plant since the 1990 start-up date. In addition to four treatment vessels, there are electric actuated valves (with small integral heaters) and a PLC-based control panel, blower, and compressor. Only the piping is insulated.
In all this time, there has only been a few control panel problems due to lightning strikes, but they were not catastrophic. All in all, the outdoor environment has not presented any major problems and everyone at the plant is quite satified.
As I said, this is the only completely outdoor system we have experience with. However, there are many more installation where only the pressure vessels are installed outdoors while the face piping, valves, instrumentation and controls are located inside an adjacent building. This method affords the best of both worlds, because the more sensitive components are protected from the elements while the much larger, space consuming, vessels are outside. This can cut down, substantially, on the size of the building required. Painting issues and the effects of warming or cooling on the contents of the vessels can be mitigated by insulating the vessels. Having the vessels outside makes it much easier to access the manways for load media when using a forklift and for personnel entering and exiting the vessel, especially when a tripod setup is necessary for safety and plenty of headroom is required.
S. Bush