Some common definitions:
A catch basin is a chamber, well or inlet designed to collect rain water which includes systems to collect debris and sediment and prevent the clogging of sewers
Catch basin: a depression, trench, or pit, which is a collection point for drainage, either water or spilled oil, that provides a means of containment for and prevents the uncontrolled discharge of the collected liquid from a facility or oil storage area.
Sump: a depression or trench constructed to collect drainage of water or spilled oil from storage, transfer or unloading areas.
In summary, the definition depends on the application and industry. A catch basin usually has an outlet to a drainage system. A sump usually does not have a gravity drain out of it.