My gut feel tells me that threaded rod would need more embeddment than rebar. Say that each "V" in the thread is a little bit of concrete to be sheared off. The depressions between the deformations in a rebar are much further apart and then give much more surface to be sheared. Also, I beleive the deformations are much higher/deeper than those from a threaded rod.
If it were me, I'd put some nuts and a washer or a steel plate at the end of the bar and design it as a regular anchor.
For some reason I don't think embedding a straight bar is the way to go.