In remote areas of Australia, we use a 'roaded catchment' for collection of rain water (in low rainfall agricultural areas) usually for farm dam supplies. The roaded catchment consists of a series of very shallow V shaped channels that are in parallel to each other (I hope that explains the situation).
The idea is that the runoff is immediate & there is very little time for the (rare) rain to soak into the soil.
One method of increasing the output, is to use 'catch drains' that intercept a larger area of catchment, & feed into the top end of the roaded catchment. But the output is much lower than an equivalent roaded catchment. This is used to enhance the flow at times of 'flash' rain showers.
I have not seen this type of catchment lined because (usually) it is only req'd for a farm (house) supply. Lining is usually only used for larger (potable) water sources. For a water utility, they used to line the catchment area with bitumen, but that's carcinogenic - so that is out, in this day & age. Hypalon has been used but be careful of wind damage & especially (as DMcGrath has pointed out) punctures & local damage.
In the general layout of a roaded catchment, the water flows into a silt trap before going into the farm dam. This just consists of a (relatively deep) local basin just before the farm dam storage. All it does is catch sediment such as sand, but it does not collect much of the fine silt or clay - that goes straight thru' to the dam storage.
Because of the fine fraction (clay) in the water, it does not clear even over many months. For fire fighting, it may be OK but to clear the water, you may require some settling agent. This is rarely done for farm dams because this is considered a second class water (for toilet flushing, gardens etc).
If you require, I can find more info on roaded catchments, however, the following (may be sufficient) is a google (for Oz) for roaded catchments - it may also work for overseas enquiries. The first reference is a very good start (from Western Australian Government Agric Dept).
[PDF] Bulletin 4660 : Roaded catchments to improve reliability of farm damsFile Format: PDF/Adobe Acrobat - View as HTML
Roaded catchments are easily constructed where there are duplex soils with ... These soils are normally satisfactory for roaded catchments if the depth to ...
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Department of Agriculture, Western Australia : Roaded catchments ...A well constructed, well-maintained roaded catchment surveyed on the correct grade, constructed in suitable soil types can to begin to shed water after only ...
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[PDF] Increasing runoff from roaded catchments by chemical applicationFile Format: PDF/Adobe Acrobat - View as HTML
to roaded catchments. Funding was sought from GWRDC’s RITA program to test a .... To examine the performance of existing roaded catchments (additional aim). ...
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Technology in Australia 1788-1988, Chapter 3, page 167The roaded catchment, (Fig. 8) claimed to be 'the greatest single advance in water conservation that has been made in this State' was conceived by ...
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been using roaded catchments since the 1950s for town .... roaded catchment in WA, the average total cost would. be around A$500/ha, based on 1980 prices ...
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[PDF] Miscellaneous publication 14/2005 : Roaded catchmentsFile Format: PDF/Adobe Acrobat - View as HTML
A roaded catchment is one of the water harvesting structures known ... Includes roaded catchments added to existing farm dams or planned as new roaded ...
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VIC Country Hour - 30/08/2004: Roaded catchmentsThe "roaded catchment", as its called, is popular in Western Australia, and Ken West says even after light rain, there's pleanty of run-off into his dams. ...
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[PDF] Rural Water Note RWN 03File Format: PDF/Adobe Acrobat - View as HTML
Maintaining Roaded Catchments ? September 2007 ... particularly roaded catchments, can dramatically ... Scraping the surface of roaded catchments with a ...
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