It depends on many factors - type and amount of cable, flame-resistance of sheathing, building occupancy and fire protection requirements, fire separations, existence of area smoke detection, etc.
For power cables in power plants NFPA 805 non-mandatory Appendix E.2.9. Cable Concentrations (at least in my non-current version) has some guidance, including that linear heat detection may be beneficial.
GAP.17.12.1 Power Generating Plants and FM Technical Advisory Bulletin 5-31 Cable Flammability are RAGAGEPs that discusses cable protection.
I don't think there is a specific code requirement, depends on a site-specific fire risk assessment.