ACI 302.1 Guide for Concrete Floor and Slab Construction provides some information on silicates and fluosilicates...here is a pertinent section:
"5.7—Liquid surface treatments
Some floor slabs, improperly constructed, can have relatively pervious and soft surfaces that wear or dust rapidly. Though the life of such surfaces can be short, it can be extended by using surface treatments containing certain chemicals,including sodium silicate and the fluosilicates of magnesium and zinc. When these compounds penetrate the floor surface, they react chemically with calcium hydroxide (a product of cement hydration) to form a hard, glassy substance within the pores of the concrete, thereby reducing dusting of the floor and creating a denser, harder surface.
Liquid surface treatments should be considered only as
emergency measures for treatment of deficiencies. They
are not intended to provide additional wear resistance in
new, well-designed, well-constructed and cured floors, nor
to permit the use of lower quality concrete. The most effective use of liquid surface treatments is on existing floors. New floors should be of sufficiently good quality that such treatments are not required.
If for any reason these surface treatments are to be applied
to new concrete floors, the floor should be moist cured. Liquid membrane-forming curing compounds should not be
used because they prevent penetration of the liquid treatment. These surface treatments should be applied only to concrete floors that are at least 28 days old, and that have been thoroughly moist cured and allowed to air dry."
Excerpt from ACI 302.1, section 5.7