There are perhaps a hundred individual regulations applicable to the range of things you've listed. Sorry, there's no single, central, over-arching standard or regulation.
For instance, there is a provincial Boilers and Pressure Vessels Act in each province which adopts certain codes and standards (for instance CSA B51), which adopts yet more standards (ASME VIII for vessels, B31.3/B31.3 for piping etc.) with regional additions. For instance, CSA B51 calls out the need for Canadian Registry Numbers (CRN) for pressure retaining components, which is a requirement which goes beyond the requirements called out in B31.3. There will be additional requirements such as those resulting from the regional/municipal fire codes, provincial OHSA regulations etc. which will also affect design and bring to bear other related standards. Add to those any specific industry- or corporate-imposed standards and you will have a real impression of the regulatory complexity involved.
Taking wastewater treatment as an example: depending on where you discharge the water from your wastewater treatment process, you will be dealing with either municipal regulations, provincial regulations, or federal regulations. Air emissions are generally subject to provincial regs.
Local professional consulting engineers generally know the applicable regulations and standards and can be most helpful in sorting out which regulations bear on what you're doing- if you're planning to supply equipment into Alberta, I'd strongly recommend you retain one. If you're a new engineer and want to "learn the ropes", the best way to do it is to work for a consultant or manufacturer providing services into the province. In fact, to become a licensed professional engineer in Alberta (or any other province in Canada) you need a year of Canadian experience PRECISELY so that the licensing body can be sure that you are at least somewhat aware of the regulatory and business environment where you'll be providing services.
If you insist on going it alone, have a look at the Province of Alberta's website. Ontario's governmental website has free download access to all provincial statutes and regulations, and I suspect that Alberta will be the same. The Technical Standards and Safety Authority (
the Ontario equivalent to Alberta's Boiler Branch (or whatever they're called these days), may also be a helpful resource for you to review. But the individual codes are NOT available for free- you'll have to get those from the standard-writer (i.e. ASME, API etc.) and pay for the pleasure.