For residential/small commercial air-cooled equipment the rating standard is ASHRAE 37. The standard does not define exact rating conditions, it defines a method of test, and the data that must be provided in the report. I believe this concept is common across all ASHRAE standards for HVAC equipment.
There is no way to set a single set of standard conditions, because operating conditions and design conditions are highly dependent on the application.
So, any proper rating should be in the general form of:
"This unit is rated at so many BTU/hr when tested per ASHRAE standard whatever at the following conditions."
And rating claim that does not contain all of this information is incomplete, and may even be an attempt to decieve you.